If ChromeOS is supported, you should be fine. ChromeOS is basically Gentoo with Chrome as the UI for everything. This looks more like a “this is what we tested this site on” than “you absolutely need those specs to do what you have to do”.
I just used government sites that recommend Internet Explorer 11 just fine on Firefox. Maybe use Chromium for safety and you should be good. Spoof user agent as needed.
Is it possible to get around this with user agent spoofing? Or maybe degoogled Chromium?
It is possible to make the website think I am using chrome and windows, but I don’t want to get in trouble for cheating. Even if I use degoogle Chromium it still won’t allow me because I use Linux.
expired
Some of them will detect if using virtualization. For example http://safeexambrowser.org/ by ETH Zurich
Ironically enough, it is free software https://github.com/SafeExamBrowser